Friday, February 14, 2020

Stem cell research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Stem cell - Research Paper Example Although no person can forecast the outcomes from fundamental research completed during the past generation, there is sufficient existing information to suggest that a great deal of this enthusiasm is warranted. This passion and interest is not shared by persons of the religious conservative faction who was instrumental in slowing stem cell research in the U.S. during the previous presidential administration. This group is against embryonic stem cell research which they allege is immoral and describe as devaluing human life, in much the same way as legal abortion do, drawing a connection between the two controversial subjects. This dialogue will provide a summary of stem cell research and its benefits to humanity, the debate involving the matter and the arguments for continued studies. Definition of Stem Cells Stem cells are essentially the building block cells of a living being and in humans are capable of becoming more than 200 different kinds of tissue. â€Å"Stem cells have trad itionally been defined as not fully differentiated yet to be any particular type of cell or tissue† (Irving, 1999). Adult stem cells are located in small numbers within most tissues, but the preponderance of stem cells can be acquired from the umbilical cord. A more accurate term is â€Å"somatic stem cells† (Sullivan, 2004). ... A good example (of adult stem cells) is blood, but this is true for muscle and other connective tissue as well, and may be true for at least some nervous system cells† (Chapman et al, 1999). Consensus of Studies Much research has been performed by scientists in an effort to establish whether adult tissue stem cells have comparable developmental possibilities as the embryonic stem cells. Scientists now agree that this research has conclusively demonstrated that adult stem cells are not as feasible as embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells possess a far superior potential and effectiveness because, contrasting adult stem cells, they have the capability to develop into virtually all cells present in the human body. Adult stem cells merely have the capacity to develop into a small number of cell types. Additionally, embryonic stem cells divide perpetually but adult stem cells do not which diminish their capability of developing into new kinds of cells.   Stem cells are of ext ensive interest for science and medicine, because they boast the potential, under appropriate conditions, to develop into nearly all of the cell types. Goals of research The three main goals for doing stem cell research are acquiring essential scientific information regarding embryonic development; treating incapacitating disorders such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s and for testing new medications rather than having to use animals (Irving, 1999). Stem cell research is also likely to help victims of diabetes, bone diseases, spinal cord injuries and stroke. The scientific techniques for acquiring stem cells could be the forerunner to unparalleled advances and possibly cures for these and other maladies. It has been

Saturday, February 1, 2020

Company Law Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Company Law Assignment - Essay Example Non observance of this provision will attract both fine and imprisonment. (Walton & Henderson 2005:17). Under s 195(2), an interested director of a public company may vote and even present in the board meeting provided if the board passes a resolution before such matter is voted upon The nature and magnitude of the director’s interest in that business are taken into recognition by the board The board resolution should mention that director’s voting for the interested resolution are satisfied that the director’s interest should not bar the director from voting or considering on the business matter. Directors of public company are now accountable by s 191. The Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) can under s 196 may order that a director with a material personal interest as defined in s 195(1) can present and vote on such interested matters if there is no proper quorum is available and due to urgency of the issue or due to some other compelling re ason, that board can approve the same despite the fact of board’s conflict of interest instead of passing in Annual General Meeting. (Cassidy 2005:244). Since, the company has no constitution, replaceable rule in the Act will be applicable. In The Queen v District Council of Victor Harbour , Ex Parte Costain Australia Ltd [1983] 54 SASR 188 at 190, it was held that when a director’s interest is both material and personal ,such director is prohibited from attending and voting at the board meeting. In the Bell Group Limited (in liq) v Westpac Banking Corporation (2008) 70 ACSR I, it was held that an interest which has the potential to sway the voting by a director would be regarded as material interest. In Grand Enterprises Pty Ltd v Aurium Resources Ltd (2009) 256 ALR I , it was observed that the term â€Å" material â€Å" implied that kind of interest that requires to be of some value or substance instead of just a slight interest. (ASIC 2011:10). It is advisable th at Betty should inform her interest in the business to the all the directors and should desist from attending the board meeting and voting on the resolution in which she is interested as held in Queen v District Council of Victor Harbour except where her participation will be of more advantageous to the company due to her expert knowledge on the subject. Answer to question B (a) (ii) As regards to an interested matter by a director that is being considered by the board, directors who do not have a material personal interest in such transaction will be known as â€Å" non-interested directors.† A non-interested director should, when making a decision to offer financial advantages to a related party; To conduct proper investigation of management and should get proper advise, to the magnitude needed about the interested proposal. He should appraise the information provided to him independently As held in HIH Insurance Ltd and HIH Casualty and General Insurance Ltd , ASIC v Adler and others (2002) 41 ACSR , non-interested director should exercise â€Å" special caution â€Å" with conscientious concern to make sure that required corporate approval are received . For passing a resolution in which a director is interested, there should be adequate quorum of non-interested directors as stipulated in the constitution of the company or Corporation Act. In the absence of any valid quorum of non-int